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𑐩𑐴𑐵𑐎𑐰𑐶 𑐐𑐶𑐬𑐶𑐖𑐵𑐥𑑂𑐬𑐳𑐵𑐡 𑐖𑑀𑐱𑐷𑐫𑐵 𑐳𑐩𑐵𑐮𑑀𑐔𑐣𑐵 𑐳𑐦𑐹 𑐥𑐶𑐡𑐣

𑐩𑐴𑐵𑐎𑐰𑐶 𑐐𑐶𑐬𑐶𑐖𑐵𑐥𑑂𑐬𑐳𑐵𑐡 𑐖𑑀𑐱𑐷𑐫𑐵 𑐳𑐩𑐵𑐮𑑀𑐔𑐣𑐵 𑐳𑐦𑐹

𑐩𑐴𑐵𑐎𑐰𑐶 𑐐𑐶𑐬𑐶𑐖𑐵𑐥𑑂𑐬𑐳𑐵𑐡 𑐖𑑀𑐱𑐷𑑄 𑑘𑑔 𑐎𑑂𑐰𑑅𑐐𑐸 𑐧𑐸𑐣𑑂𑐴𑐶𑐫𑐵 𑐮𑐳𑐟𑐵𑐫𑑂 ‘𑐐𑐶𑐬𑐶𑐖𑐵𑐥𑑂𑐬𑐳𑐵𑐡𑐫𑐵 𑐳𑐩𑐵𑐮𑑀𑐔𑐣𑐵 𑐳𑐦𑐹’ 𑐥𑐶𑐟𑐧𑑂𑐰𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵 𑐫𑐵𑑅𑐐𑐸 𑐡𑐸 𑑋 𑐩𑐴𑐵𑐎𑐰𑐶 𑐖𑑀𑐱𑐷𑑄 𑐠𑑅𑐐𑐸 𑐖𑐷𑐰𑐣𑐎𑐵𑐮𑐫𑑂 𑐠𑐷𑐠𑐷 𑐔𑑂𑐰𑐩𑐶𑐫𑐵 𑐎𑐺𑐟𑐶𑐫𑐵𑐟 𑐎𑐫𑐵𑑅 𑐫𑐵𑐣𑐵𑐡𑐷𑐐𑐸 𑐳𑐩𑐵𑐮𑑀𑐔𑐣𑐵 𑐳𑑄𑐐𑑂𑐬𑐴 ‘𑐐𑐶𑐬𑐶𑐖𑐵𑐥𑑂𑐬𑐳𑐵𑐡𑐫𑐵 𑐳𑐩𑐵𑐮𑑀𑐔𑐣𑐵’ 𑐣𑐵𑑄𑐫𑐵 𑐳𑐦𑐹 𑐰𑑄𑐐𑐸 𑐱𑐣𑐶𑐰𑐵𑑅 𑐳𑐎𑑂𑐰𑐫𑑂 𑐖𑐹𑐐𑐸 𑐕𑐐𑐹 𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐗𑑂𑐰𑑅𑐫𑐵 𑐡𑐠𑐸𑐂 𑐥𑐶𑐟𑐧𑑂𑐰𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵 𑐫𑐵𑑅𑐐𑐸 𑐏𑑅 𑑋 …

𑐣𑐷𑐥𑑂𑐫𑐎𑑂𑐰𑑅𑐐𑐸 𑐰𑐶𑐰𑐶𑐢 𑐨𑐵𑐲𑐵 𑐳𑐵𑐴𑐶𑐟𑑂𑐫 𑐳𑐩𑑂𑐩𑐾𑐮𑐣 𑐎𑑂𑐰𑐔𑐵𑐮

𑐣𑐷𑐥𑑂𑐫𑐎𑑂𑐰𑑅𑐐𑐸 𑐰𑐶𑐰𑐶𑐢 𑐨𑐵𑐲𑐵 𑐳𑐵𑐴𑐶𑐟𑑂𑐫 𑐳𑐩𑑂𑐩𑐾𑐮𑐣 𑐎𑑂𑐰𑐔𑐵𑐮

𑐣𑐷𑐥𑑂𑐫𑐎𑑂𑐰𑑅𑐐𑐸 𑐰𑐶𑐰𑐶𑐢 𑐨𑐵𑐲𑐵 𑐳𑐵𑐴𑐶𑐟𑑂𑐫 𑐳𑐩𑑂𑐩𑐾𑐮𑐣 𑐩𑐢𑑂𑐫𑐥𑐸𑐬 𑐠𑐶𑐩𑐶𑐫𑐵 𑐟𑐵𑐴𑐵𑐣𑐣𑐶 𑐖𑐸𑐮 𑑋 𑐰𑑄𑐐𑐸 𑐩𑑄𑐐𑐮𑐰𑐵𑑅 𑐖𑐹𑐐𑐸 𑐳𑐩𑑂𑐩𑐾𑐮𑐣𑐫𑐵 𑐄𑐮𑐾𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵 𑐣𑐾𑐥𑐵𑐮 𑐩𑐖𑐡𑐸𑐬 𑐎𑐶𑐳𑐵𑐣 𑐥𑐵𑐬𑑂𑐚𑐷𑐫𑐵 𑐣𑐵𑐫𑑅 𑐣𑐵𑐬𑐵𑐫𑐞𑐩𑐵𑐣 𑐧𑐶𑐖𑐸𑐎𑑂𑐕𑐾𑑃 𑐬𑑀𑐴𑐶𑐟𑑄 𑐫𑐵𑐣𑐵𑐡𑐐𑐶𑐸 𑐏𑑅 𑑋 𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐗𑑂𑐰𑐮𑐫𑑂 𑐣𑐰𑐵𑐳𑐾𑑄 𑐩𑐹𑐥𑐵𑐴𑐵𑑄 𑐧𑐶𑐖𑐸𑐎𑑂𑐕𑐾𑑄 𑐩𑑄𑐳𑐶𑐬 𑑔 𑐐𑐟𑐾 𑐖𑐸𑐂𑐐𑐸 𑐣𑐶𑐬𑑂𑐰𑐵𑐔𑐣𑐫𑑂 𑐐𑐛𑐧𑐣𑑂𑐢𑐣𑐫𑐵𑐟 𑐟𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐎𑐮 𑐢𑐵𑑅𑐳𑐵 𑐡𑐾𑐫𑑂𑐫𑐵 𑐀𑐳𑑂𑐟𑐶𑐟𑑂𑐰 𑐡𑐂𑐩𑐏𑐸 𑐢𑐵𑐳𑐾𑑄 …

𑐠𑐸𑐐𑐳𑐷 𑐱𑑄𑐏𑐢𑐬 𑐡𑐶𑐰𑐳 𑐥𑑂𑐫𑐠𑐵𑐫𑑂 𑐴𑐣𑐶𑐐𑐸

𑐠𑐸𑐐𑐳𑐷 𑐱𑑄𑐏𑐢𑐬 𑐡𑐶𑐰𑐳 𑐥𑑂𑐫𑐠𑐵𑐫𑑂 𑐴𑐣𑐶𑐐𑐸

𑐣𑐾𑐥𑐵𑐮 𑐳𑑄𑐰𑐟 𑐣𑑂𑐴𑐹𑐡𑑃 𑐬𑐵𑐚𑑂𑐬𑐶𑐫 𑐳𑐩𑐵𑐬𑑀𑐴 𑐳𑐩𑐶𑐟𑐶 𑑑𑑑𑑔𑑓 𑐫𑐵 𑐐𑑂𑐰𑐳𑐵𑐮𑐫𑑂 𑐰 𑐂𑐣𑐵𑐥𑐫𑑂 𑐠𑐸𑐐𑐳𑐷 𑐱𑑄𑐏𑐢𑐬 𑐡𑐶𑐰𑐳 𑐫𑐾𑑃𑐫𑐵 𑐟𑑂𑐫𑐠𑐵𑐫𑑂 𑐴𑐣𑐶𑐐𑐸 𑐖𑐸𑐐𑐸 𑐡𑐸 𑑋 𑐎𑐕𑐮𑐵𑐠𑑂𑐰 𑐡𑐱𑐩𑐶 𑐎𑐵𑐬𑑂𑐟𑐶𑐎 𑑑𑑗 𑐐𑐟𑐾𑐫𑐵 𑐣𑑂𑐴𑐶𑑄 𑐠𑐠𑐾 𑐴𑐣𑐾𑐟𑑂𑐫𑑄𑐐𑐸 𑐏𑑅 𑑋 𑐳𑐩𑐵𑐬𑑀𑐴 𑐳𑐩𑐶𑐟𑐶𑑄 𑐧𑑂𑐫𑐹𑐐𑐸 𑐖𑐵𑐣𑐎𑐵𑐬𑐷 𑐎𑐠𑑄 𑐠𑐸𑐐𑐸 𑐣𑑂𑐴𑐶𑑄 𑐳𑐸𑐠𑐫𑑂 𑑗 𑐧𑐖𑐾 …

𑐩𑐵𑑄 𑐨𑐵𑐫𑑂 𑐡𑐶𑐰𑐳

𑐩𑐵𑑄 𑐨𑐵𑐫𑑂 𑐡𑐶𑐰𑐳

–𑐰𑐶𑐣𑐫 𑐬𑐵𑐖𑑀𑐥𑐵𑐢𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐫 – 𑐬𑐾𑐬𑐰𑐵 / 𑐊𑐦.𑐊𑐩. 𑐔𑐵𑐫𑐾𑐎𑐵𑑅 𑐟𑑅𑐐𑐸𑐩𑐕𑐶 𑐳𑑂𑐚𑐾𑐱𑐣 𑐴𑐵𑐫𑐾𑐎𑐵, 𑐐𑐣𑑄 𑐣 𑐠𑑅𑐐𑐸 𑐨𑐵𑐫𑑂𑐫𑐵 𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐗𑑂𑐰𑑅𑐟 𑐠𑑂𑐰𑐫𑐵𑐔𑑂𑐰𑑄𑐐𑐸 𑐖𑐶𑑄 𑐟𑐵𑐫𑐾𑐎𑐾 𑐩𑐦𑐸 𑑋 – 𑐚𑐶𑐨𑐷 𑐔𑐵𑐫𑐾𑐎𑐵, 𑐔𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐣𑐮𑐟 𑐴𑐶𑐮𑐵𑑅 𑐴𑐶𑐮𑐵𑑅 𑐳𑑂𑐰𑐫𑐵𑑄 𑐀𑐣 𑐣𑑄 𑐐𑐣𑑄 𑐠𑑅𑐐𑐸 𑐨𑐵𑐫𑑂𑐫𑐵 𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐗𑑂𑐰𑑅𑐟 𑐰𑐫𑐵𑐔𑑂𑐰𑑄𑐐𑐸 𑐖𑐶𑑄 𑐏𑑄𑐎𑐾 𑐩𑐦𑐸 𑑋 𑐧𑐬𑐸 𑐧𑐶𑐡𑐾𑐱𑐷 …

𑐀𑐩𑐾𑐬𑐶𑐎𑐵𑐫 𑐔𑑂𑐰𑐣𑐵𑐔𑑂𑐰𑑄𑐥𑐶𑑄 𑐣𑐾𑐰𑐵𑐟𑐫𑑂𑐳𑑄 𑐨𑐶𑐣𑑂𑐟𑐸𑐣𑐵 𑐩𑑂𑐫𑐾𑐫𑐵 𑐩𑑂𑐫𑐸𑐖𑐶𑐎 𑐨𑐶𑐜𑐶𑐫𑑀 𑐥𑐶𑐎𑐵𑐟

𑐣𑐾𑐥𑐵𑐮 𑐳𑐩𑑂𑐧𑐟 𑑑𑑑𑑔𑑓 𑐫𑐵 𑐮𑐳𑐟𑐵𑐫𑑂 𑐀𑐩𑐾𑐬𑐶𑐎𑐵𑐫 𑐔𑑂𑐰𑐣𑐵 𑐰𑐫𑐵 𑐔𑑂𑐰𑑄𑐥𑐶𑑄 𑐣𑐾𑐰𑐵𑑅𑐟 𑐖𑐵𑐣𑐵 𑐡𑐫𑐾𑐎𑐸𑐐𑐸 𑐹𑐨𑐶𑐣𑑂𑐟𑐸𑐣𑐵𑐹 𑐧𑑀𑐮𑐫𑐵 𑐣𑐾𑐰𑐵𑑅 𑐩𑑂𑐫𑐸𑐖𑐶𑐎 𑐥𑐶𑐎𑐵𑐐𑐸 𑐡𑐸 𑑋 𑐠𑑂𑐰 𑐹𑐨𑐶𑐣𑑂𑐟𑐸𑐣𑐵 𑐩𑑂𑐫𑐾 𑐣𑐵𑑄𑐖𑐵𑐩𑑂𑐴 𑐀𑐩𑐬 𑐩𑑂𑐫𑐾𑐴𑐵𑐮𑐵𑐩𑐶 𑐬𑐩𑐾𑐱 𑐟𑐵𑐩𑑂𑐬𑐵𑐎𑐵𑐬 𑐫𑐵 𑐎𑐵𑐫𑑂 𑐩𑑂𑐫𑐸𑐖𑐶𑐎 𑐨𑐶𑐜𑐶𑐫𑑀 𑐳𑐵𑐬𑑂𑐧𑐖𑐣𑐶𑐎 𑐐𑐷𑐟𑐩𑐵 𑐳𑑂𑐰𑐬 𑐟𑐠𑐵 𑐳𑑄𑐐𑐷𑐟 𑐳𑐐𑐸𑐣 𑐟𑐵𑐩𑑂𑐬𑐵𑐎𑐵𑐬𑑄 𑐴𑐵𑐮𑐵𑐡𑐷𑐐𑐸 𑐏𑑅 …

𑐱𑐵𑐎𑑂𑐫𑐰𑑄𑐱 𑐰 𑐱𑐵𑐎𑑂𑐫 𑐩𑐴𑐵𑐰𑐶𑐴𑐵𑐬𑐫𑐵 𑐂𑐟𑐶𑐴𑐵𑐳 𑐳𑐦𑐹

𑐱𑐵𑐎𑑂𑐫 𑐩𑐴𑐵𑐰𑐶𑐴𑐵𑐬 𑐳𑑄𑐑𑐫𑐵 𑐐𑑂𑐰𑐳𑐵𑐮𑐫𑑂 𑐱𑐣𑐶𑐰𑐵𑑅 𑐖𑐹𑐐𑐸 𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐗𑑂𑐰𑐮𑐫𑑂 ‘𑐱𑐵𑐎𑑂𑐫𑐰𑑄𑐱 𑐰 𑐗𑐶𑐐𑐹 𑐱𑐵𑐎𑑂𑐫 𑐩𑐴𑐵𑐰𑐶𑐴𑐵𑐬𑐫𑐵 𑐳𑑄𑐎𑑂𑐲𑐶𑐥𑑂𑐟 𑐂𑐟𑐶𑐴𑐵𑐳’ 𑐳𑐦𑐹𑐫𑐵 𑐥𑐶𑐟𑐧𑑂𑐰𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵 𑐫𑐵𑑅𑐐𑐸 𑐡𑐸 𑑋 𑐄𑐐𑐸 𑐴𑐾 𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐗𑑂𑐰𑐮𑐫𑑂 𑐗𑐶𑐐𑐹 𑐩𑐴𑐵𑐰𑐶𑐴𑐵𑐬𑐫𑐵 𑐡𑐎𑐮𑐫𑑂 𑐠𑐎𑐵𑐮𑐶𑐩𑑂𑐴 𑐰𑐶𑐎𑐩𑐵𑑅 𑐧𑐴𑐵𑑅𑐫𑐵 𑐱𑑂𑐬𑐡𑑂𑐢𑐾𑐫 𑐩𑑀𑐟𑐶𑐬𑐟𑑂𑐣 𑐱𑐵𑐎𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐟 𑐩𑐴𑐵𑐳𑑂𑐠𑐰𑐶𑐬 𑐥𑐡𑑄 𑐰𑐶𑐨𑐹𑐲𑐶𑐟 𑐫𑐵𑑅𑐐𑐸 𑐏𑑅 𑑋 𑐳𑑄𑐑𑐫𑐵 𑐣𑐵𑐫𑑅 𑐱𑐸𑐨𑐎𑐵𑐖𑐷 𑐱𑐵𑐎𑑂𑐫𑐫𑐵 𑐳𑐨𑐵𑐥𑐟𑐶𑐟𑑂𑐰𑐫𑑂 …

Ranjana Lipi: Efforts to revive the ancient script

Mona Eväluoto What is Ranjana Lipi The diverse culture of Nepal is home to many ethnic groups with over 100 various languages. In Nepal Mandal (the current Kathmandu Valley) from the 14th to 18th century, Nepal Bhasa was the official …

𑐮𑐎𑑂𑐲𑑂𑐩𑐷𑐡𑑂𑐫𑑅 𑐥𑐹𑐖𑐵

–𑐜𑐵. 𑐔𑐸𑐣𑑂𑐡𑐵 𑐧𑐖𑑂𑐬𑐵𑐔𑐵𑐬𑑂𑐫 “𑐣𑐾𑐥𑐵𑐮 𑐰𑐬𑑂𑐲 𑐎𑑂𑐬𑐶𑐫𑐵” 𑐳𑐦𑐸𑐟𑐶𑐂 𑐢𑐫𑐵𑐟𑑅𑐠𑐾𑑄 𑐮𑐎𑑂𑐲𑑂𑐩𑐷𑐫𑐵𑐟 𑐥𑐹𑐖𑐵 𑐫𑐵𑐫𑐾𑐐𑐸 𑐩𑑂𑐴𑐥𑐹𑐖𑐵 𑐫𑐵𑐂𑐧𑐮𑐫𑑂𑐠𑐾𑑄 𑐩𑐣𑑂𑐡𑑅 𑐔𑑂𑐰𑐫𑐵 𑐄𑐐𑐸 𑐩𑐣𑑂𑐡𑐮𑐫𑑂 𑐠𑑅𑐠𑑅𑐐𑐸 𑐕𑐾𑑃𑐫𑐵 𑐥𑐬𑐩𑑂𑐥𑐬𑐵𑐫𑐵 𑐕𑐳𑐶𑐎𑐠𑑄 𑐮𑑅 𑐥𑑂𑐰𑐟𑐵𑐫𑑂, 𑐀𑐧𑐷𑐬, 𑐟𑐵𑐫𑑂, 𑐰𑐵, 𑐴𑐵𑐎𑐸𑐩𑐸𑐳𑑂𑐫𑐵, 𑐐𑑂𑐰𑑅𑐩𑐵𑐫𑑂, 𑐁𑐏𑐾, 𑐩𑐣𑑂𑐡𑑅𑐫𑐵 𑐡𑐸𑐣𑐾 𑐔𑐶𑐎𑑄𑐩𑐣𑑂𑐡𑑅 𑐠𑐵𑐣𑐵𑑅 𑐩𑐣𑑂𑐡𑑅 𑐔𑑂𑐰𑐫𑐾𑐐𑐸 𑐫𑐵𑐂 𑑋 𑐮𑑅 𑐩𑐣𑑂𑐡𑑅𑐫𑐵 𑐔𑑂𑐰𑐳𑑄 …

𑐁𑑅 𑐧𑐵𑐖𑑄𑐫𑐵 𑐣𑐵𑐥𑐣𑐵𑐥𑑄 𑐨𑐵𑐲𑐵 𑐣𑑄 𑐳𑑂𑐫𑐣𑐷𑐐𑐸

𑐥𑐶𑐣𑐾 𑐥𑐶𑐣𑐾 𑐖𑐶𑐮𑑂𑐮𑐵𑐫𑑂 𑐧𑐵𑐖𑑄 𑐳𑑂𑐫𑑄 𑐰𑐣𑐷𑐥𑐶𑑄 𑐧𑐵𑐖𑑄 𑐐𑐸𑐬𑐸𑐥𑐶𑑄𑐳𑑄 𑐀𑐣 𑐧𑐵𑐖𑑄𑐫𑐵 𑐣𑐵𑐥𑐣𑐵𑐥𑑄 𑐣𑐾𑐰𑐵𑑅 𑐨𑐵𑐫𑑂 𑐣𑑄 𑐳𑑂𑐫𑐣𑐵 𑐰𑐫𑐾 𑐦𑐫𑐾𑐩𑐵 𑐢𑐎𑐵𑑅 𑐧𑐵𑐖𑑄 𑐐𑐸𑐬𑐸𑐥𑐶𑑄𑐟 𑐧𑐶𑐄𑐐𑐸 𑐨𑐵𑐲𑐵 𑐳𑑂𑐫𑐣𑐾𑐐𑐸 𑐥𑑂𑐬𑐱𑐶𑐎𑑂𑐲𑐞 𑐩𑑂𑐴𑐶𑐐𑑅 𑐎𑑂𑐰𑐔𑐵𑐮 𑑋 𑐣𑐾𑐰𑐵𑑅 𑐡𑐾𑐫𑑂 𑐡𑐧𑐹𑐫𑐵 𑐁𑐴𑑂𑐰𑐵𑐣𑐫𑑂 𑐣𑐵𑐳𑑅 𑐳𑐺𑐲𑑂𑐚𑐶 𑐎𑐮𑐵𑐫𑐵 𑐐𑑂𑐰𑐵𑐴𑐵𑐮𑐶𑑄 𑐣𑐾𑐰𑐵𑑅 𑐳𑑂𑐫𑐣𑐵𑐩𑐶 𑐡𑐧𑐹𑐥𑐵𑐏𑐾𑑄 𑐳𑑂𑐰𑐣𑑂𑐴𑐸𑐫𑑄𑐎𑑄 𑐠𑑂𑐰 𑐟𑐵𑐮𑐶𑐩 …

𑐀𑐠𑐾 𑐢𑐂𑐐𑐸 𑐠𑑁𑑄 𑐳𑑂𑐰𑐫𑐵𑑅 𑐥𑐷𑐳𑑂𑐰𑐡𑑃 𑐣𑑂𑐴𑑂𑐫𑑅𑐫𑐵𑐐𑐸 𑐏𑑃 𑐏𑑅 𑑋 𑐄𑐧𑐮𑐫𑑂 𑐖𑐶 𑐗𑐶𑑄𑐔𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐡𑑃 𑐰 𑐨𑐩𑑂𑐔𑐵 𑐖𑐸𑐂𑐩𑑂𑐴 𑐩𑐫𑑂𑐖𑐸 𑐗𑐶𑑄𑐥𑑂𑐫𑐡𑑃 𑐖𑐎 𑐎𑑂𑐫𑑄𑐐𑐸 𑐏𑑅 𑑋

𑐂𑐴𑐶𑐥𑐵 𑐢𑐸𑑄𑐎𑐵𑑅

𑐳𑑂𑐎𑐹𑐮 𑐳𑐶𑐢𑐫𑐵𑑅 𑐎𑐮𑐾𑐖 𑐠𑑂𑐫𑐣𑐾𑐰𑑄 𑐖𑐶 𑐂𑐴𑐶𑐥𑐵 𑐖𑐹𑐐𑐸 𑐏𑑅 𑑋 𑐀𑐠𑐾 𑐢𑐂𑐐𑐸 𑐠𑑁𑑄 𑐳𑑂𑐰𑐫𑐵𑑅 𑐥𑐷𑐳𑑂𑐰𑐡𑑃 𑐣𑑂𑐴𑑂𑐫𑑅𑐫𑐵𑐐𑐸 𑐏𑑃 𑐏𑑅 𑑋 𑐄𑐧𑐮𑐫𑑂 𑐖𑐶 𑐗𑐶𑑄𑐔𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐡𑑃 𑐰 𑐨𑐩𑑂𑐔𑐵 𑐖𑐸𑐂𑐩𑑂𑐴 𑐩𑐫𑑂𑐖𑐸 𑐗𑐶𑑄𑐥𑑂𑐫𑐡𑑃 𑐖𑐎 𑐎𑑂𑐫𑑄𑐐𑐸 𑐏𑑅 𑑋 𑐄𑐧𑐮𑐫𑑂𑐫𑐵 𑐔𑐮𑐣𑐎𑐠𑑄 𑐕𑐥𑐵𑑅 𑐮𑐥𑑂𑐟𑐾𑑄 𑐔𑐵𑐫𑐾𑐎𑐾 𑐩𑐵𑑅 𑐢𑐎𑐵𑑅 𑐖𑐶 𑐰 𑐖𑐶𑐩𑐶 …

𑐰 𑐕𑐸 𑐐𑐮𑑂𑐮𑐷 𑐠𑑂𑐰𑑀 𑐕𑐸 𑐐𑐮𑑂𑐮𑐷

𑐰 𑐕𑐸 𑐐𑐮𑑂𑐮𑐷 𑐠𑑂𑐰𑑀 𑐕𑐸 𑐐𑐮𑑂𑐮𑐷 𑐩𑐏𑑃 𑐟𑑂𑐰𑐵 𑐫𑐵 𑐐𑐮𑑂𑐮𑐷 𑐬𑐾 𑐥𑐵𑐣𑑂𑐧𑐟𑐷 𑐩𑐿𑐫𑐵 𑐣𑑂𑐴𑑂𑐫𑐣𑐵 𑐰𑐐𑐸 𑐖𑐒𑑂𑐐𑐷 𑐳𑐶𑑄𑐩𑑂𑐴𑐫𑐵 𑐎𑐮𑑂𑐮𑐷 𑐬𑐾 – 𑑒x 𑐐𑐵𑐔𑐵 𑐖𑐸𑐮 𑐥𑐣𑑂𑐔 𑐬𑐒𑑂𑐐𑐷 𑐢𑐵𑐔𑐵 𑐕𑐒𑐸 𑐐𑐸𑐮𑐷 𑐬𑐾 𑐳𑑂𑐰𑑀 𑐮𑐶𑐳𑐾𑐂 𑐳𑑂𑐰𑐾 𑐩𑐐𑐵 𑐐𑐸𑐮𑐷 𑐕 𑐣𑐎𑑂𑐎𑑂𑐮𑐷 𑐬𑐾 – 𑑒x 𑐳𑑂𑐰 …

𑐊 𑐡𑐵𑐃𑐔𑐵

𑐊 𑐡𑐵𑐃𑐔𑐵 𑐕𑐮𑐵 𑐳𑐵𑐥 𑐗𑐒𑑂𑐐 𑐏𑐣𑐶 𑐕𑐾𑐏𑐵𑐊 𑐡𑐵𑐃𑐩 𑐨𑐩𑑂𑐧 𑐏𑐣𑐶 𑐳𑐟𑐾 𑐳𑐟𑐾 𑐩𑐏𑐸 𑐢𑐵𑐢𑐵 𑐳𑐎 𑐳𑐶𑐟 𑐰𑑂𑐴𑑀𑐟𑐾 𑐮𑐵𑐎𑐮 𑐩𑑂𑐴 𑐩𑐱𑐶𑐄 𑐱𑐵 𑐥𑐵𑐖𑐸 𑐣𑐵𑐮𑐵 𑐩𑑂𑐴𑑂𑐫𑐾𑐩𑑂𑐴 𑐣𑐵𑐥 𑐩𑐶𑐏𑐵 𑐮𑑂𑐰𑐵𑐎𑐮 -2x 𑐊 𑐡𑐵𑐃𑐔𑐵 𑐕𑐮𑐵 𑐳𑐵𑐥 𑐗𑐒𑑂𑐐 𑐏𑐣𑐶 𑐣𑐏 𑐔𑐏 𑐰𑐾𑐎𑐾 𑐧𑐮𑐾 𑐳𑐩𑐾 𑐧𑐖𑐷 …

𑐁𑐡𑐶𑐰𑐵𑐳𑐷 𑐖𑐣𑐖𑐵𑐟𑐶 𑐳𑐵𑐴𑐶𑐟𑑂𑐫𑐎𑐵𑐬𑐫𑐵 𑐣𑐾𑐰𑐵𑑅 𑐬𑐵𑐖𑑂𑐫 𑐳𑐩𑐶𑐟𑐶 𑐑𑑀𑐲𑐞𑐵

𑐁𑐡𑐶𑐰𑐵𑐳𑐷 𑐖𑐣𑐖𑐵𑐟𑐶 𑐳𑐵𑐴𑐶𑐟𑑂𑐫𑐎𑐵𑐬 𑐩𑐴𑐵𑐳𑑄𑐑 𑐀𑐣𑑂𑐟𑐬𑑂𑐐𑐟𑐫𑐵 𑐣𑐾𑐰𑐵𑑅 𑐬𑐵𑐖𑑂𑐫 𑐳𑐩𑐶𑐟𑐶 𑐐𑐛𑐣 𑐫𑐵𑑅𑐐𑐸 𑐡𑐸 𑑋 𑐰𑑄𑐐𑐸 𑐧𑐸𑐢𑐰𑐵𑑅 𑐠𑐣𑐫𑐵 𑐳𑐵𑐟𑑀𑐁𑐎𑐷 𑐨𑐰𑐣𑐫𑑂 𑐖𑐹𑐐𑐸 𑐕𑐐𑐹 𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐗𑑂𑐰𑑅𑐫𑐵 𑐡𑐠𑐸𑐂 𑐁𑐡𑐶𑐰𑐵𑐳𑐷 𑐖𑐣𑐖𑐵𑐟𑐶 𑐳𑐵𑐴𑐶𑐟𑑂𑐫𑐎𑐵𑐬 𑐩𑐴𑐵𑐳𑑄𑐑𑐫𑐵 𑐣𑐾𑐰𑐵𑑅 𑐬𑐵𑐖𑑂𑐫 𑐟𑐡𑐬𑑂𑐠 𑐳𑐩𑐶𑐟𑐶𑐫𑐵 𑐑𑑀𑐲𑐞𑐵 𑐫𑐵𑑅𑐐𑐸 𑐏𑑅 𑑋 𑐣𑐾𑐰𑐵𑑅 𑐬𑐵𑐖𑑂𑐫 𑐟𑐡𑐬𑑂𑐠 𑐳𑐩𑐶𑐟𑐶𑐫𑐵 𑐳𑑄𑐫𑑀𑐖𑐎 𑐱𑐵𑐎𑑂𑐫 𑐳𑐸𑐬𑐾𑐣𑐫𑐵 𑐳𑐨𑐵𑐥𑐟𑐶𑐟𑑂𑐰𑐫𑑂 𑐖𑐹𑐐𑐸 …

𑐰𑐶𑐬𑐵𑐚 𑐥𑐹𑐬𑑂𑐞 𑐰𑐿𑐡𑑂𑐫 𑐳𑐶𑐬𑐥𑐵𑑅𑐫𑐵 𑐣𑐶𑑄𑐟𑐶𑑄 𑑑𑑐 𑐐𑐹 𑐮𑐏𑐫𑐵 𑐀𑐎𑑂𑐲𑐫 𑐎𑑀𑐲

𑐰𑐶𑐬𑐵𑐚 𑐣𑐾𑐥𑐵𑐮𑐨𑐵𑐲𑐵 𑐳𑐵𑐴𑐶𑐟𑑂𑐫 𑐳𑐩𑑂𑐩𑐾𑐮𑐣 𑐐𑐸𑐠𑐶 (𑐰𑐶𑐬𑐵𑐚 𑐐𑐸𑐠𑐶)𑐫𑐵 𑐐𑑂𑐰𑐳𑐵𑐮𑐫𑑂 𑐠𑐸𑐐𑐸𑐳𑐷 𑐖𑐹𑐐𑐸 𑐏𑑂𑐰𑐷𑐕𑐎𑑂𑐰𑑅𑐐𑐸 𑐰𑐶𑐬𑐵𑐚 𑐣𑐾𑐥𑐵𑐮𑐨𑐵𑐲𑐵 𑐳𑐵𑐴𑐶𑐟𑑂𑐫 𑐳𑐩𑑂𑐩𑐾𑐮𑐣𑐫𑐵 𑐗𑑂𑐰𑐮𑐫𑑂 𑐣𑐾𑐥𑐵𑐮𑐨𑐵𑐲𑐵𑐫𑐵 𑐁𑐢𑐸𑐣𑐶𑐎 𑐐𑐡𑑂𑐫 𑐎𑐰𑐶𑐟𑐵𑐫𑐵 𑐣𑑂𑐴𑑂𑐫𑐮𑐸𑐰𑐵 𑐩𑐡𑐸𑐩𑑂𑐴 𑐥𑐹𑐬𑑂𑐞 𑐰𑐿𑐡𑑂𑐫𑐫𑐵 𑐣𑐵𑐩𑑄 𑐀𑐎𑑂𑐲𑐫 𑐎𑑀𑐲 𑐳𑑂𑐰𑐣𑐾𑐐𑐸 𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵 𑐖𑐸𑐮 𑑋 𑐰𑑄𑐐𑐸 𑐎𑑁𑐮𑐵𑐠𑑂𑐰 𑐡𑑂𑐰𑐵𑐡𑐱𑐎𑐶𑐸𑐣𑑂𑐴𑐸 𑐖𑐹𑐐𑐸 𑐳𑐩𑑂𑐩𑐾𑐮𑐣𑐫𑑂 𑐩𑐡𑐸𑐩𑑂𑐴 𑐎𑐰𑐶 𑐰𑐿𑐡𑑂𑐫𑐫𑐵 𑐖𑐴𑐵𑐣 𑐩𑐶𑐬𑐵 …

𑐣𑐾𑐰𑐵𑑅 𑐥𑐸𑐬𑑂𑐏𑐵𑐥𑐶𑐣𑐶 𑐎𑐵𑐧𑑂𑐫𑐶𑐎 𑐖𑐷𑐰𑐣𑐷

𑐢𑐬𑑂𑐩𑐬𑐟𑑂𑐣 ‘𑐫𑐩𑐶’ 𑐩𑐴𑐵𑐣 𑐎𑑂𑐬𑐵𑐣𑑂𑐟𑐶–𑐰𑐵𑐴𑐎 𑐗𑐷 𑐎𑐰𑐶 𑐗𑐮𑐮 𑐏𑐿𑐔𑑂𑐰𑐣 𑐣𑑂𑐫𑑄𑐎 𑐖𑐐𑐟𑐫𑑂 𑐰𑐿𑐐𑐸 𑐖𑐷𑐰𑐣𑐫𑐵 𑐖𑐟𑐶 𑑋 𑐩𑑂𑐴𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐫𑑂 𑐩𑐔𑐵 𑐗𑐷 𑐨𑐺𑐎𑐸𑐟𑐶 𑐮𑐵𑐣𑐶𑑄 𑐧𑑁𑐡𑑂𑐢–𑐢𑑂𑐰𑐵𑑃𑐫𑑂 𑐧𑑂𑐰𑐫𑐾𑐎𑐹𑐐𑐸 𑐡𑐾𑐫𑑂 𑐀𑐬𑐣𑐶𑐎𑑀𑑄 𑐣𑐾𑐰𑐵𑑅 𑐎𑐮𑐵𑐎𑐺𑐟𑐶 𑐳𑑂𑐰𑐵𑐣 𑐠𑐾𑑄 𑐴𑑂𑐰𑐫𑑂𑐎𑐹𑐐𑐸 𑐡𑐾𑐫𑑂 𑐏𑑅 𑐰 ‘𑐮𑑂𑐴𑐵𑐳𑐵’ 𑐢𑐬𑑂𑐩𑐬𑐟𑑂𑐣𑑄 𑐮𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐫𑑂𑐩𑑂𑐴 𑐖𑐷𑐰𑐣 𑐥𑐵𑑅𑐐𑐸 𑐡𑐾𑐫𑑂 𑐗𑐷 𑐮𑐶𑐳𑐾 𑐁𑐡𑐶𑑄 …